Java OOP Concepts for Selenium Testers
Sure! Here's a clear overview of Java OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) concepts specifically tailored for Selenium testers. Understanding these principles can greatly enhance your ability to write clean, maintainable, and reusable Selenium test automation code.
✅ 1. Class and Object
Class: A blueprint for creating objects.
Object: An instance of a class that can access its methods and variables.
Use in Selenium:
Create a LoginPage class to define elements and methods, then create objects in your tests to perform actions.
java
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public class LoginPage {
WebDriver driver;
By username = By.id("username");
By password = By.id("password");
By loginButton = By.id("loginBtn");
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}
public void login(String user, String pass) {
driver.findElement(username).sendKeys(user);
driver.findElement(password).sendKeys(pass);
driver.findElement(loginButton).click();
}
}
✅ 2. Inheritance
Allows one class to inherit properties and methods from another.
Use in Selenium:
Create a BaseTest class with setup and teardown logic that other test classes can extend.
java
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public class BaseTest {
WebDriver driver;
@BeforeMethod
public void setup() {
driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://example.com");
}
@AfterMethod
public void teardown() {
driver.quit();
}
}
public class LoginTest extends BaseTest {
@Test
public void testLogin() {
LoginPage login = new LoginPage(driver);
login.login("admin", "admin123");
}
}
✅ 3. Encapsulation
Hides internal details and allows access through public methods (getters/setters).
Use in Selenium:
Store test data privately and provide public methods to access or modify it.
java
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public class UserData {
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() { return username; }
public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; }
public String getPassword() { return password; }
public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; }
}
✅ 4. Polymorphism
One method behaves differently based on context — method overloading and overriding.
Use in Selenium:
You might overload a method to accept different parameters for flexibility.
java
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public class LoginPage {
// Overloaded login methods
public void login(String username, String password) {
// logic
}
public void login(UserData user) {
login(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword());
}
}
✅ 5. Abstraction
Hides implementation details and shows only functionality.
Use in Selenium:
Use abstract classes or interfaces for page components or test flows.
java
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public interface Page {
void open();
boolean isAt();
}
public class HomePage implements Page {
WebDriver driver;
public void open() {
driver.get("https://example.com/home");
}
public boolean isAt() {
return driver.getTitle().equals("Home");
}
}
🧠 Benefits of OOP in Selenium Testing
Reusability: Use common methods and components across tests.
Maintainability: Easy to update code when the UI changes.
Scalability: Add more tests and features with less duplication.
Readability: Clear separation of concerns (Pages, Tests, Utilities).
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