How to Use Java Streams in Selenium Automation

✅ What Are Java Streams?

Java Streams are a feature introduced in Java 8 that allow you to process collections (like List, Set) in a functional and readable way.

They help you perform operations like:

Filtering elements

Mapping (transforming) values

Collecting results

Reducing (combining) values

✅ Why Use Streams in Selenium?

In Selenium, you often deal with lists of web elements (e.g., List<WebElement>).

Streams help to:

Make the code cleaner and shorter

Avoid writing loops manually

Process elements efficiently

✅ Common Use Cases in Selenium

1. Get Text from a List of WebElements

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List<WebElement> elements = driver.findElements(By.className("item"));

List<String> itemTexts = elements.stream()

                                 .map(WebElement::getText)

                                 .collect(Collectors.toList());

✅ Explanation:

map(WebElement::getText) gets the text of each element.

collect(Collectors.toList()) collects them into a list.

2. Filter Elements Based on Text

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List<WebElement> elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));

List<String> linksWithLogin = elements.stream()

                                      .map(WebElement::getText)

                                      .filter(text -> text.contains("Login"))

                                      .collect(Collectors.toList());

✅ Filters only links that contain the word "Login".

3. Click the First Matching Element

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elements.stream()

        .filter(e -> e.getText().equals("Submit"))

        .findFirst()

        .ifPresent(WebElement::click);

✅ Clicks the first element whose text is exactly "Submit".

4. Check if Any Element Matches a Condition

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boolean hasContactLink = elements.stream()

                                 .anyMatch(e -> e.getText().contains("Contact"));

✅ Returns true if at least one element contains "Contact".

5. Count Matching Elements

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long count = elements.stream()

                     .filter(e -> e.getText().startsWith("Item"))

                     .count();

✅ Counts how many elements start with "Item".

✅ Best Practices

Avoid long stream chains if they reduce readability.

Always handle NoSuchElementException or StaleElementReferenceException.

Use findFirst().ifPresent() to avoid NullPointerException.

✅ Conclusion

Java Streams in Selenium automation help make your code cleaner, shorter, and more functional. They are especially useful when working with lists of WebElements and performing operations like filtering, mapping, or collecting.

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