How to Connect Python with SQL Databases

 Connecting Python with SQL databases is straightforward and powerful for data-driven apps, analytics, or automation. Here's a quick guide covering popular databases and how to connect to them.


✅ Common SQL Databases & Python Libraries

Database Library to Use

SQLite sqlite3 (built-in)

MySQL / MariaDB mysql-connector-python or PyMySQL

PostgreSQL psycopg2 or SQLAlchemy

Microsoft SQL Server pyodbc or pymssql


🧱 1. Connect to SQLite (No Server Needed)

python

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import sqlite3


# Connect to (or create) database

conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')


# Create a cursor

cursor = conn.cursor()


# Execute a query

cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)")

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES (?)", ("Alice",))


# Commit and close

conn.commit()

conn.close()

🐬 2. Connect to MySQL

bash

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pip install mysql-connector-python

python

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import mysql.connector


conn = mysql.connector.connect(

    host="localhost",

    user="yourusername",

    password="yourpassword",

    database="yourdbname"

)


cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")


for row in cursor.fetchall():

    print(row)


conn.close()

🐘 3. Connect to PostgreSQL

bash

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pip install psycopg2-binary

python

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import psycopg2


conn = psycopg2.connect(

    host="localhost",

    database="yourdbname",

    user="yourusername",

    password="yourpassword"

)


cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")


rows = cursor.fetchall()

for row in rows:

    print(row)


conn.close()

🧩 4. Connect to SQL Server (MSSQL)

bash

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pip install pyodbc

python

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import pyodbc


conn = pyodbc.connect(

    'DRIVER={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};'

    'SERVER=your_server_name;'

    'DATABASE=your_database_name;'

    'UID=your_username;'

    'PWD=your_password'

)


cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")


for row in cursor.fetchall():

    print(row)


conn.close()

🌐 Bonus: Use SQLAlchemy (Unified Interface)

bash

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pip install sqlalchemy

python

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from sqlalchemy import create_engine


# Example: PostgreSQL

engine = create_engine('postgresql://user:password@localhost/dbname')


with engine.connect() as conn:

    result = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")

    for row in result:

        print(row)

🔒 Security Tips

Use parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection.

Avoid hardcoding credentials — use environment variables or secure vaults.

Always close connections after use.

Learn Full Stack Python Course in Hyderabad

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Setting Up PostgreSQL for Full Stack Python Projects

SQL vs NoSQL: What’s Best for Full Stack Python Development?

Introduction to Databases for Full Stack Python Development

What is Full Stack Development and Why Python?

Databases and Data Storage in python

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