How to Handle Popups in Selenium

 🔄 1. JavaScript Alerts, Confirms, and Prompts

These are browser-native popups that Selenium can directly interact with.


👉 Code Example (Python)

python

Copy

Edit

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("https://example.com")


# Trigger the alert

driver.find_element(By.ID, "trigger-alert").click()


# Switch to the alert

alert = driver.switch_to.alert


# Accept the alert

alert.accept()


# Dismiss the alert (if it's a confirm box)

# alert.dismiss()


# Get text from the alert

# print(alert.text)


# Send keys (if it's a prompt)

# alert.send_keys("Test input")

# alert.accept()

🔐 2. Authentication Popups (Basic Auth)

These use browser dialogs to ask for credentials (e.g., HTTP Basic Auth). Selenium can't interact with them directly, but you can bypass using the URL:


👉 Code Example:

python

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Edit

driver.get("https://username:password@your-site.com")

🆘 3. HTML/CSS-Based Modals or Popups

These are regular DOM elements styled as popups using CSS/JavaScript (e.g., Bootstrap modals). You interact with them just like any web element:


👉 Code Example:

python

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# Wait for the modal to appear

WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(

    EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "modal-id"))

)


# Click a button inside the modal

driver.find_element(By.ID, "modal-close-button").click()

Requires:


python

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from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

🧨 4. File Upload/Download Popups

Uploads: Use send_keys() on the <input type="file"> field.


Downloads: Configure the browser to auto-download files to a predefined directory (can't interact with native file download popups).


👉 Upload Example:

python

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file_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "file-upload")

file_input.send_keys("/path/to/your/file.txt")

❌ 5. OS-Level Dialogs (e.g., Windows dialogs)

Selenium cannot handle OS-level popups. Use tools like:


AutoIt (Windows)


PyAutoGUI (Python)


Robot Framework or Winium (for advanced automation)


💡 Tips for Stability

Always wait for popups using WebDriverWait.


Use try-except blocks to catch NoAlertPresentException for unexpected alerts.


Use explicit waits over time.sleep() to avoid flaky tests.

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