Introduction to Robot Framework

 🤖 What is Robot Framework?

Robot Framework is an open-source, generic test automation framework for acceptance testing, acceptance test-driven development (ATDD), and robotic process automation (RPA).


It uses a keyword-driven approach, making it readable and easy to write, even for non-programmers.


🔧 Key Features

Feature Description

Keyword-Driven Tests are written using keywords, which can be reused and composed.

Human-Readable Syntax Uses plain English-like syntax (tabular format).

Extensible Supports libraries written in Python or Java.

Data-Driven Testing Easily run tests with multiple input sets.

Broad Library Support Built-in and third-party libraries for Selenium, API, REST, database, and more.


📁 Example: Simple Test Case

robot

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Edit

*** Settings ***

Library    SeleniumLibrary


*** Variables ***

${URL}     https://example.com


*** Test Cases ***

Open Example Website

    Open Browser    ${URL}    Chrome

    Title Should Be    Example Domain

    Close Browser

This test:


Opens a Chrome browser


Navigates to https://example.com


Checks the page title


Closes the browser


🧱 Basic Structure

Robot Framework test files are typically structured with the following sections:


*** Settings *** – Imports libraries and resource files


*** Variables *** – Defines test variables


*** Test Cases *** – Contains test case definitions


*** Keywords *** – Defines custom keywords for reuse


📦 Common Libraries

Library Purpose

SeleniumLibrary Web UI testing

RequestsLibrary API testing

DatabaseLibrary Database operations

AppiumLibrary Mobile app testing

BuiltIn Built-in keywords for general operations


🛠 Tools & Ecosystem

RIDE – GUI editor for Robot Framework


VS Code + Robot Framework Language Server – Modern IDE support


Robot Framework Hub – Community libraries and tools


Allure / Robot Framework Report Portal – Reporting integrations


🚀 Why Use Robot Framework?

Simple to learn and use


Great for QA teams and test automation engineers


Supports end-to-end, API, UI, mobile, and even desktop app testing


Strong community and documentation

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