How to Use Django Models for Database Management

How to Use Django Models for Database Management

Using Django Models is one of the most efficient ways to manage your database in Django. Models define the structure of your database tables and let you interact with the data using Python code instead of SQL.


🔧 What Is a Django Model?

A Django model is a Python class that maps to a single table in a database. Each model class defines fields (columns) and behaviors of the data you’re storing.


🧱 Step-by-Step: Using Django Models for Database Management

1. Define a Model

In your Django app (e.g., blog), open or create models.py.


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from django.db import models


class Post(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)

    content = models.TextField()

    published_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)


    def __str__(self):

        return self.title

2. Create Database Tables

After defining models, generate and apply database migrations.


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# Generate migration file

python manage.py makemigrations


# Apply migrations to update the database schema

python manage.py migrate

3. Use the Model (Python Shell or Views)

In the Django shell:


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python manage.py shell

python

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from blog.models import Post


# Create a new post

post = Post(title="First Post", content="This is my first blog post.")

post.save()


# Query all posts

Post.objects.all()


# Get a specific post

Post.objects.get(id=1)


# Filter posts

Post.objects.filter(title__icontains="First")

🛠️ Common Field Types in Django Models

Field Type Description

CharField Short text (requires max_length)

TextField Long text

IntegerField Integer number

DateTimeField Date and time

BooleanField True/False

ForeignKey Many-to-one relationship

ManyToManyField Many-to-many relationship


🔁 Model Relationships Example

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class Author(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)


class Book(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)

    author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

🧪 Using Models in Admin Panel

Register your models in admin.py:


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from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Post


admin.site.register(Post)

Then run the server and go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin to manage your data via a GUI.


✅ Summary

Task How to Do It

Define database tables Create model classes in models.py

Apply changes makemigrations → migrate

Add/edit data Use model methods or Django Admin

Query data Use the Django ORM (e.g., .filter())


Would you like a full example project or API integration using Django models?

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Python Database Management: PostgreSQL vs MySQL

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