How to Use Assertions in Selenium Tests

How to Use Assertions in Selenium Tests

Here's a basic guide to working with links and buttons in Selenium (using Python). Selenium is widely used for automating web applications for testing purposes. Below, you'll find explanations and example code snippets.


🧭 Prerequisites

You need to have:


Python installed


Selenium installed (pip install selenium)


A web driver (like ChromeDriver or GeckoDriver) that matches your browser


🚀 Setting Up Selenium

python

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from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service

from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager


# Start Chrome

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()))

driver.get("https://example.com")  # Replace with your URL

🔗 Clicking a Link

By Link Text

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link = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "More information...")

link.click()

By Partial Link Text

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partial_link = driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "More")

partial_link.click()

🔘 Clicking a Button

Buttons can be selected using different attributes like ID, name, class, tag, or XPath.


By ID

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button = driver.find_element(By.ID, "submit-button")

button.click()

By Name

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button = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "submit")

button.click()

By Class Name

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button = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "btn-primary")

button.click()

By XPath (for more complex selections)

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button = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//button[text()='Submit']")

button.click()

✅ Tips

Always wait for elements to be present using WebDriverWait and expected_conditions to avoid timing issues.


You can use find_elements() to get a list of matching elements.


Example with Wait

python

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from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC


wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

button = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "submit-button")))

button.click()

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Handling Checkboxes and Radio Buttons in Selenium

How to Verify Page Title and URL with Selenium

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