How to Automate Web Testing Using Selenium and Python

 Automating web testing with Selenium and Python is a widely used approach in QA and development for verifying web application behavior. Below is a step-by-step guide to help you get started:


🧪 What is Selenium?

Selenium is an open-source tool that automates browsers. It supports all major browsers and platforms and is widely used for web UI testing.


🛠 Prerequisites

✅ 1. Install Python

Download and install from: https://www.python.org/


✅ 2. Install Selenium

bash

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pip install selenium

✅ 3. Install WebDriver

You need a browser driver that matches your browser:


Browser Driver

Chrome chromedriver

Firefox geckodriver


Ensure the driver is in your system’s PATH or specify the path directly in your script.


🚀 Basic Example: Open a Website and Check Title

python

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from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

import time


# Initialize the Chrome driver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()


# Open a web page

driver.get("https://example.com")


# Wait for 3 seconds

time.sleep(3)


# Check the title

print("Page title is:", driver.title)


# Close the browser

driver.quit()

🔍 Interacting with Web Elements

✅ Locating Elements

python

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driver.find_element(By.ID, "element_id")

driver.find_element(By.NAME, "username")

driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "btn-primary")

driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//input[@type='text']")

driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.container > a.link")

✅ Performing Actions

python

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element = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "username")

element.send_keys("my_username")


driver.find_element(By.ID, "submit").click()

⏳ Handling Waits

Implicit Wait

python

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driver.implicitly_wait(10)  # seconds

Explicit Wait

python

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from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC


wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "submit")))

📸 Take Screenshot

python

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driver.save_screenshot("screenshot.png")

📂 Folder Structure (Recommended)

bash

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/tests

  ├── test_login.py

  ├── test_search.py

/drivers

  └── chromedriver

/utils

  └── selenium_utils.py

✅ Best Practices

Use Page Object Model (POM) for cleaner, reusable code


Use unittest or pytest for test organization


Use headless browsers (options.add_argument("--headless")) for CI


Capture logs/screenshots on failure


Integrate with CI tools like GitHub Actions or Jenkins

Learn Selenium Python Training in Hyderabad

Read More

Python vs Other Languages for Selenium: Pros & Cons

Understanding the Role of WebDriver in Automation

Basic Selenium Commands Every Beginner Should Know

Writing Your First Selenium Script in Python

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