Setting Up Selenium WebDriver in Java: A Step-by-Step Guide

 Here’s a step-by-step guide to setting up Selenium WebDriver with Java, including all the essentials to get you from zero to browser automation:


🧰 Prerequisites

Before diving in, make sure you have:


Java JDK installed (JDK 8 or higher)


An IDE (like IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse)


Maven or Gradle (recommended for dependency management)


A web browser (Chrome or Firefox)


🔧 Step 1: Install Java & Set Environment Variables

Download JDK: https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html


Set JAVA_HOME:


Windows: Add a system environment variable JAVA_HOME pointing to your JDK path.


Add %JAVA_HOME%\bin to the Path variable.


Verify with:


bash

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java -version

javac -version

💡 Step 2: Set Up Your Java Project

Option 1: Using Maven (Recommended)

Create a Maven project in your IDE.


Add Selenium dependency to your pom.xml:


xml

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<dependencies>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>

        <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>

        <version>4.18.0</version> <!-- Check for latest version -->

    </dependency>

</dependencies>

Option 2: Using Gradle

Add this to your build.gradle:


groovy

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dependencies {

    testImplementation 'org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-java:4.18.0'

}

🌐 Step 3: Download the WebDriver Executable

Depending on the browser you want to automate:


ChromeDriver: https://sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/


GeckoDriver (Firefox): https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases


Place the driver .exe somewhere on your system and add the path to your system PATH variable, or specify it in code.


📜 Step 4: Write Your First Selenium Script

Java Example:

java

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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;


public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // Optional: Set path if not in system PATH

        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");


        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://www.google.com");


        System.out.println("Page title is: " + driver.getTitle());


        driver.quit();

    }

}

✅ Step 5: Run the Code

Compile and run the class from your IDE or terminal.


You should see a browser open and navigate to Google, then print the page title.


🛠 Bonus Tips:

Use WebDriverManager to manage drivers automatically:


xml

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<dependency>

    <groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>

    <artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>

    <version>5.7.0</version>

</dependency>

java

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WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

Keep browser and driver versions in sync to avoid compatibility issues.


Want to add test frameworks like JUnit or TestNG? Or integrate with page object models? Let me know and I’ll guide you through those too!

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